A Quantitative Study Assessing the Impact of Urban Expansion on Biodiversity in the eThekwini Municipality.

Sibonelo Thanda Mbanjwa

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i6.1682

Authors

Sibonelo Thanda Mbanjwa Mangosuthu University of Technology Jacobs 4026 Durban, South Africa.P.O. Box 12363

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i6.1682

Keywords:

Urban expansion, biodiversity loss, peri-urban areas, eThekwini municipality, ecosystem services, environmental awareness, community perceptions, habitat fragmentation, medicinal plants, sustainable urban planning

Abstract

Background

Urban expansion poses a significant threat to biodiversity, particularly in rapidly developing municipalities like eThekwini. This study aims to assess how land-use changes driven by urbanization are affecting biodiversity, with a focus on the diversity of flora and fauna in peri-urban areas.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey design was employed, integrating spatial analysis using GIS data and structured community-based surveys. Biodiversity assessments were conducted in three peri-urban zones: Umlazi, Inanda, and Ntuzuma. Structured questionnaires were administered to 60 participants, including residents, conservation officials, and traditional leaders. Land cover change data from 2003 to 2023 were analyzed to track patterns of urban expansion and habitat transformation.

Results

The findings revealed a 34% decline in natural vegetation over the past two decades, with significant reductions in bird and amphibian species in the affected zones. The sample included 55% female and 45% male participants, aged between 25 and 65 years, with educational backgrounds ranging from secondary school to tertiary education. Community perceptions highlighted increased human-wildlife conflict, reduced access to traditional medicinal plants, and declining pollinator populations. Participants with higher education levels demonstrated greater awareness of the ecological consequences of urban sprawl.

Conclusion

Urban expansion in the eThekwini Municipality is significantly impacting local biodiversity, especially within peri-urban ecosystems. Habitat loss is threatening species richness and compromising ecological services critical to the well-being of local communities.

Recommendations

The study recommends the integration of green infrastructure in urban planning, the promotion of community-led conservation initiatives, and the development of policy frameworks that prioritize biodiversity-sensitive development. Additionally, targeted environmental awareness programs should be intensified, particularly in rapidly urbanizing communities.

Author Biography

Sibonelo Thanda Mbanjwa, Mangosuthu University of Technology Jacobs 4026 Durban, South Africa.P.O. Box 12363

Dr. Sibonelo Thanda Mbanjwa is a dedicated lecturer in the Department of Nature Conservation at Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT), South Africa. He holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Science and specializes in biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, and environmental education. Dr. Mbanjwa is deeply committed to community engagement, student mentorship, and the integration of indigenous knowledge systems into conservation practices. His work bridges academia and practical application, empowering students and communities through innovative teaching, research, and outreach initiatives.

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