Macroscopic and microscopic study of stool samples for parasites at a tertiary care Center in North Eastern Bihar: A cross-sectional study.

Md Mofiz  Alam; Aninda  Sen; Prof. (Dr.) Priyanka Paul  Biswas

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i12.2318

Authors

Md Mofiz Alam Medical MSc student, Department of Microbiology, Katihar Medical College, Al-Karim University, Katihar-854106, Bihar
Aninda Sen Professor, Department of Microbiology, Katihar Medical College, Al-Karim University, Katihar-854106, Bihar
Prof. (Dr.) Priyanka Paul Biswas Professor, Department of Microbiology, Katihar Medical College, Al-Karim University, Katihar-854106, Bihar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i12.2318

Keywords:

Sheather’s, sugar, floatation, technique, modified, acid-fast stain, concentration, methods

Abstract

Background:

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) remain a major public health concern in developing countries, particularly among immunocompromised individuals such as HIV-positive patients. Early detection using reliable laboratory methods is essential for appropriate management and prevention of complications.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory of Katihar Medical College, Bihar. A total of 235 stool samples were collected from 180 HIV non-reactive and 55 HIV reactive individuals. Macroscopic examination was performed to assess consistency, color, and presence of mucus or blood. Microscopic examination was carried out using direct wet mount, sedimentation, and flotation techniques to detect ova, cysts, and parasites.

Results:

Intestinal parasites were detected in a significant proportion of cases, with a higher prevalence among HIV-reactive individuals compared to HIV non-reactive individuals. The sedimentation technique showed higher sensitivity in detecting parasitic forms compared to the flotation and direct wet mount methods. Common parasites identified included protozoa and helminths. Macroscopic findings such as loose stools and mucus were more frequently associated with parasitic infection.

Conclusion:

Microscopic examination using concentration techniques, especially sedimentation, improves the detection rate of intestinal parasites. HIV-infected individuals are at greater risk of parasitic infections and require routine screening.

Recommendation:

Routine stool examination using concentration techniques should be implemented, particularly in immunocompromised patients such as HIV-positive individuals. Increased awareness, early detection, and appropriate treatment strategies can help reduce the burden of intestinal parasitic infections in resource-limited settings.

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