Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Photochromic Behavior of Novel Dichloro-Substituted Chalcones and Their Chromene Derivatives.

Nirozh Chalabi; Sherwan Ameen

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i3.2538

Authors

Nirozh Chalabi Assistant lecturer at the medicinal chemistry department, College of Pharmacy, University of Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq nirozh.chalabi@uod.ac
Sherwan Ameen Englosh Department, University of duhok

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i3.2538

Keywords:

Photochromism, Chalcones, Chromene derivatives, Spectroscopic characterization, Molecular switching devices

Abstract

A special category of flavonoids includes chalcones, which are organic compounds that have the general molecular formula 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one. The characteristic feature of these organic substances is the presence of a conjugated double bond between two phenolic groups attached to one carbon atom, hence making them highly reactive. Due to their simple synthesis methods, these compounds are widely used in the preparation of heterocyclic compounds like chromenes, flavones, and pyrazolines. Chromenes are highly valued due to their photochromic property and are widely used in the field of photochemistry and pharmaceuticals.

This paper seeks to study photochromism in dichloro-chalcones and their corresponding chromenes through synthesis and spectroscopic studies. The chalcone compounds were prepared by the Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction involving substitution at both benzaldehyde and acetophenone moieties. The compounds were analyzed for their photochemical properties by exposing them to chloroform solutions and xenon irradiation light. Chalcones were exposed to photochemical transformation into chromenes, and this was proven by the presence of new absorption wavelengths in the visible range.

The chromenes possessed absorption maxima in the 485–576 nm range. Photodynamic equilibrium occurred earlier among the hydroxy-substituted derivatives, and the bathochromic shift was explained in terms of conjugation and charge transfer effects.

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