Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Clinicopathological Study

Dr Archana Bundela; Dr. Kumari Priyanka,; Dr. Shalini Singh; Dr Rajesh Kumar Rai

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i2.2701

Authors

Dr Archana Bundela Associated Professor, Department of Pathology,Brd medical college Gorakhpur up
Dr. Kumari Priyanka, Senior Resident,Department of Pathology,B.R.D Medical college Gorakhpur UP
Dr. Shalini Singh Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, B.R.D. Medical college Gorakhpur ,UP
Dr Rajesh Kumar Rai Professor, Department of Pathology, B.R.D medical college Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i2.2701

Keywords:

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Dysplasia, Immunohistochemistry

Abstract

Abstract

Background This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9 in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and to correlate these findings with histological grading. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded oral tissue samples, including benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. Immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal MMP-9. Expression was graded based on staining intensity and proportion. Statistical significance was assessed using Chi-square tests. Result A statistically significant association was found between MMP-9 expression (proportion and intensity) and histopathological diagnosis (p= 0.001). Higher expression scores correlated with increasing grades of epithelial dysplasia and poorer differentiation of OSCC. Conclusion: MMP-9 expression increases with disease severity and tumour aggressiveness in oral epithelial lesions. Its evaluation may serve as a useful adjunctive biomarker for understanding tumour progression and improving prognostic assessment. Larger multicentric studies are recommended to validate its clinical utility.

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