CONSEQUENCES OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION DUE TO MATERNAL HIGH-RISK FACTORS ON NEONATAL OUTCOME WITH 1-YEAR FOLLOW-UP IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A COHORT STUDY.

Rizwan  Ahmar; Manish  Kumar; Amit  Kumar; Sadia  Parween; Sunil  Kishore; Anand Kumar  Gupta

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i6.1758

Authors

Rizwan Ahmar Additional Professor, Department of Pediatric, IGIMS, Patna, India
Manish Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric, IGIMS, Patna, India
Amit Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric, IGIMS, Patna, India
Sadia Parween Associate Professor, Department Of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IGIMS, Patna, India
Sunil Kishore Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric, IGIMS, Patna, India
Anand Kumar Gupta Additional Professor, Department of Pediatric, IGIMS, Patna, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i6.1758

Keywords:

Fetal growth restriction, maternal risk factors, neonatal outcomes, developmental delay

Abstract

Background

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a significant perinatal concern associated with increased neonatal morbidity and long-term pediatric complications. Maternal high-risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, malnutrition, and infections are known contributors to FGR.

Objectives

- To clarify the relationship between maternal high-risk variables and the pediatric effects of FGR.

- To evaluate the pediatric outcome after 1-year follow-up.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted at IGIMS, Patna, over 1.5 years involving 92 FGR neonates. Maternal risk factors and neonatal outcomes were recorded, with follow-up assessments up to 12 months to evaluate growth and development.

Results

A total of 92 neonates with fetal growth restriction (FGR) born to high-risk mothers were enrolled. The mean maternal age was 28.4 ± 4.7 years; 48.9% were primiparous. Hypertensive disorders (52.2%) and diabetes mellitus (19.6%) were the most common maternal risk factors. Neonatal outcomes included hypoglycemia (37.0%), respiratory distress (31.5%), and NICU admission (55.4%). Significant correlations were found between maternal hypertension and NICU admission (p=0.003), and between diabetes and neonatal hypoglycemia (p=0.001). At 12-month follow-up, 29.3% had delayed developmental milestones, and 33.7% showed persistent growth impairment, indicating a strong association between maternal risks and adverse pediatric outcomes.

Conclusion

Maternal high-risk conditions significantly affect both immediate and long-term outcomes in FGR neonates. Early antenatal intervention and structured pediatric follow-up are essential to improve prognosis.

Author Biographies

Rizwan Ahmar, Additional Professor, Department of Pediatric, IGIMS, Patna, India

Manish Kumar, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric, IGIMS, Patna, India

Amit Kumar, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric, IGIMS, Patna, India

Anand Kumar Gupta, Additional Professor, Department of Pediatric, IGIMS, Patna, India

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