Clinico-Haematological and Biochemical Profile of Anemia in the Pediatric Age Group: A retrospective study.

Abstract

Background:
Anemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders affecting children and is associated with significant morbidity and developmental delays. Understanding its clinical and laboratory profile is essential for early diagnosis and management.

 Aim:
To evaluate the clinicohematological and biochemical profile of anemia in pediatric patients.

 Methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at a tertiary care center. A total of 110 pediatric patients diagnosed with anemia were included. Data regarding demographic details, clinical features, and laboratory parameters were collected. Hematological indices, including hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, and MCHC, were analyzed, along with peripheral smear findings and relevant biochemical investigations.

 Results:
The majority of patients were in the 1–5 year age group with a slight male predominance. Moderate anemia was the most common presentation. The mean hemoglobin level was [X] g/dL. Most patients demonstrated reduced MCV and MCH values. Peripheral smear examination predominantly revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia. A statistically significant association was observed between age group and severity of anemia (p < 0.05).

 Conclusion:
Microcytic hypochromic anemia, suggestive of nutritional deficiency, was the most common type observed in pediatric patients. Early detection and appropriate intervention are essential to reduce the burden of anemia in children.

 Recommendation:

It is advised that children be screened for anemia as soon as possible, especially in impoverished nations. It is important to encourage iron supplementation, better nutrition, and routine hemoglobin and iron level monitoring. Assessment of vitamin B12 insufficiency is also crucial. To avoid development and cognitive issues, public health initiatives and regular pediatric examinations are crucial.